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Unit 23
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Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular system

During exercise, the cardiovascular system serves many vital functions:

1. Delivery of oxygen and nutrients

The key function of the cardiovascular system is to transport oxygen and nutrients to the working tissue and muscles of the body. without this role being for-filled, all of our tissue and muscles would not be provided with the nutrients that they need to survive. They would therefor die.

2. Removal of waste products

At the same time that the blood is carrying oxygen and nutrients from the lungs to the tissues and muscles of the body, it is taking all of the waste products from the tissues and muscles of the body to the kidneys and the delivers carbon dioxide back to the lungs.

3. Thermoregulation

When we exercise, it is required that there are some adjustments to the blood flow, this blood adjustment effects the cardiovascular system. This is because the cardiovascular system is responsible for the distribution of heat throughout the body.

4. Faster oxygen transport

When we exercise, our muscle need more oxygen so they can work harder, this is the cardiovascular systems job and it has to alter many things to try and provide enough oxygen to the muscles

5. Clotting

This is a complicated process in which white blood cells form a clot around a broken blood vessel. Platelets form a plug at the sight of the damage and plasma components respont to form fibrin strands which strengthens the platelet plug

The key structures of the cardiovascular system are

the heart - Atria

ventricles

Bicuspid valve

tricuspid valve

aortic valve

pulmonary valve

aorta

superior vena cave

inferior vena cava

pulmonary vein

pulmonary artery

The hearts overall function is to take in oxygenated blood and pump it round the body to all of the tissues and muscles that require nutrients and fuel, at the same time as pumping blood around the body, it also pumps deoxygenated blood back to the lungs.

and the blood vessels

The Atria

The atria are the upper chambers of the heart. There job is recieve blood returning from the heart from any tissue or muscle in the body or from the lungs. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the left and right pulmonary veins, the right atrium recievs deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava 

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The Ventricles

These are the pumping chambers of the heart, they have much thicker, more muscular walls than the atria because they require allot more pressure to pump the blood further. The right ventricle pumps blood to the pulmonary circulation for the lungs and the left ventricle pumps blood to the systemic circulation for the body.

The Bicuspid valve

This is one of the four valves in the heart, this valve is situated between the left atrium and the left ventricle, this valve only allows blood to flow in one direction, this directin is from the left atrium to the left ventricle.

The Tricuspid valve

This is another of the hearts four valve and this one is situated between the right atrium and the right ventricle, this valve also only allows blood to flow in one direction and that is from the right atrium to the right ventricle

Aortic valve

This is the third valve that is situated in the heart. This valve is between the left ventricle and the aorta, this valves duty is to only let blood flow from inside the ventricle, through the aorta, preventing back-flow.

Pulmonary valve

this valve is the last of the four that are in the heart. This valve lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, it prevents back flow from the pulmonary artery back into the right ventricle. 

Aorta

The aorta is the main artery of the body, it is originates in the left ventricle and it carries oxygenated blood throughout the whole body, taking blood to every muscle and bit of tissue except to the lungs.

Superior vena cava

This is one of the main veins of the body, it is a vein that receives deoxygenated blood from the upper body the empty into the right atrium of the heart. Without the superior vena cave none of the deoxigenated blood would be able to return to the heart from the upper body.

Inferior vena cava

This is the vein that carries all deoxygenated blood from the lower body, into the right atrium of the heart. without the inferior vena cave none of the deoxigenated blood would be able to return to the heart from the lower body.

Pulmonary vein 

This vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart. without this vein we would not get any oxygen into the heart and pumped around the body

Pulmonary artery

This is another very important artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart back to the lungs and it is the only artery that carrie deoxygenated blood. without this artery our blood would not be able to get back to the lungs to pick up more oxygen.

The basic functions of the cardiovascular system are 

Delivery of oxygen and nutrients

removal of wast product

thermoregulation

functions of the blood

The Delivery of nutrients is the key function of the cardiovascular system, it transports oxygen and nutrients to the working tissue and muscles of the body. without this role being for-filled, all of our tissue and muscles would not be provided with the nutrients that they need to survive. They would therefor die. The cardiovascular system also removes wast products from the blood, it is taking all of the waste products from the tissues and muscles of the body to the kidneys and the delivers carbon dioxide back to the lungs. Also when we exercise, it is required that there are some adjustments to the blood flow, this blood adjustment effects the cardiovascular system. This is because the cardiovascular system is responsible for the distribution of heat throughout the body. There are also the functions of the blood 

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The cardiovascular system is also involved in

Vasodilation

Vasoconstriction of vessels

oxygen transport

clotting

fighting infections 

Vasodilation is when we are enduring exercise, when this happens the vascular proportion of active muscles increases through dilation of arterioles. This causes an increase in the diameter of the blood vessels to decrease the amount of resistance to the blood flow. Vasoconstriction is what happens when blood vessels temporarily shut down blood flow to tissues. This happens when the diameter of the blood vessels decrease, which increases the resistance to the flow of blood. Transporting oxygen is one of the most important roles, when we exercise, the demand for oxygen increases because all of our tissues and muscles require more nutrients and fuel to carry on working. Our cardiovascular system also protects our body in two very distinctive ways, one is by clotting. this is when the damaged blood vessel is swarmed with white blood vessels. Platelets form a layer over the damaged blood vessel and plasma components respond to form another layer which strengthens the wall. Our cardiovascular system also protects out body by fighting infections Fighting infections is done by the white blood cells in the blood.

Team analysis of Football

EVAULATION . . .. . 

Objective performance data

This method of analyzing is used simply because it is easy to carry out, it is very cheap and you dont need much equipment to carry it out. This method however is not very accurate as we can only analyze a certain amount of the game. Also this form of analyzing is more quantitative as some people may consider a dribble to be successful when others may not.

Strengths

Whilst watching Bayern Munich for about 10 minutes i found that they have many strengths but also some flaws. I found that they were able to successfully pass the ball 27 times. I think that this is because they might not have felt as pressured because they where not playing one of the best team in the world. I found that they took their time with alot of the plays and they did not hesitate to pass it back to their defenders. This is a very wise choice as this creates alot of time for the team to make plays and create goal scoring opportunities. During this 10 minutes they had 9 successful dribbles, i struggled with this as there is no standard criteria on what a successful dribble is. I tried to make it as fair as possible and i counted a successful dribble when it was a 1 on 1 situation and the attacker successfully passes the defender, without using any teammates, and is able to get rid of the ball without the defender getting back and blocking. This can be via short pass, long pass of shot. I think that being able to successfully dribble a player is a very valuable skill to have as it creates a very bad situation for the defending team, it means that there is now one more attacker to defend and can be very effective as a counter attack and can create goal scoring opportunities. I found that Bayern had 4 shots, 3 where on target and 1 was a goal. I think that these are actually  quite impressive stats as 75 % of the shots were placed very well and the techniques were followed correctly. I think that only missing one goal scoring opportunity is still good but if you take into consideration that the shot would have been on target if it was not blocked, i think that shooting is the most important skill in football simply because that is what actually puts a score on the board. I also found that Bayern had a very good tackle success rate, i found that they had 7 out of 9 attempted. I think that this is a very good ratio.

Weaknesses

One thing that i would improve on Bayern Munich's play is i think that they loose alot of opportunities by wasting time, i think that when they pass it back to their defenders, they should try and move the ball back off as fast as they can, i feel that they did not do this as successfully as they could and as a result the other team had alot of extra time to re-organise and to talk to each other, i counted 4 instances where if the ball was moving quicker, a very good pass could have been made to an attacker and it would have resulted in a very good looking scoring opportunity. I also found that Bayern actually lost the ball due to a sloppy pass and a scoring opportunity was created for the other team, im not sure what happened with the pass because there was lots of time, but it definitely created a close call.

SMART targets

S - Specific - i am going to set up drills and set plays that but pressure on an a player and therefor force him to make decisions faster and hopefully move the ball faster.

M - measurable - i am going to simply count the time it takes for a player to controll the ball, look and pass off, general observation will be used aswell

A - achievable - i am going to try and make the time about 60 % of what it originally was at the end of the program

R - Realistic - i think that this goal is achievable on this time scale

T - time - i am going to make this a 6 week training program.

Development plan

aims and objectives

The aim of this six week training program is to try and reduce the time that it takes for a player on the team to control, look up and pass the ball again by 40 &

Goal setting 

short term - i am going to push my players to have an overall reduced time of 20 &

medium term - i amd then going to push for 30 %

long term - at the end of the program the goal is to have a reduced time of 40 %

WHAT I WILL NEED

BARRIERS 

1.
(B) My name is: Physics, Brage Andreas Karlsen Physics Husain Bond
(S) My name is: Scott
2.
(S) So, Brage Andreas Karlsen Physics Husain Bond (looking on a paper to remember the name). Do you know how a human being shot out of the canon?

(B) Normally people being shot out by a spring or jet of compressed air. But before you do this you need to calculate where they’re going to land and to find the landing place you need to know, acceleration, speed in the air, wind or other kind of force in the air, you need to calculate the weight of the person and. When you know all these different forces, you can calculate the landing place. But as you may know when someone doing the cannonball trick they use to add gun powder and sound to make it look like you being shot out like a cannonball.
Could you explain something more about the forces in the air Scott?

(S) During the flight of a human cannonball, you need to take into consideration certain factors, these consist of gravitational pull, the wind direction and the speed, the air resistance of the flight, the terminal velocity of the person for instance how streamline his/her position is,
PICTURE!
How can be person land safe? Isn’t that dangerous?

(B) Yeah, but some people are really stupid. The landing is not really dangerous if you land on the landing place! And the landing place is normally a pool or some kind of a safe pad, these landing pads increase the time for the object ( or human cannonball) to come to a complete halt, by increasing the distance they reduce the forces that act on the person. BUT! This is not just a stunt, it is more than a stunt… it is a jackass! Ok, Scott. The records in side this “hobby” ?
(S) Yeah, I have the records. It is 56.64 meters. No I just joking, David "Cannonball" Smith has the record. He took the record on May 29, 1998. He was traveling around 110 km/h.